What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India? What were the impacts of these policies?
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Name some notable economists who estimated India's per capita income during the colonial period.
What were the main causes of India's agricultural stagnation during the colonial period?
Name some modern industries which were in operation in our country at the time of independence.
What was the two-fold motive behind the systematic deindustrialisation affected by the British in pre - independent India?
The traditional handicrafts industries were ruined under the British rule. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.
What objectives did the British intend to achieve through their policies of infrastructure development in India?
Critically appraise some of the shortfalls of the industrial policy pursued by the British colonial administration.
What do you understand by the drain of Indian wealth during the colonial period?
Which is regarded as the defining year to mark the demographic transition from its first to the second decisive stage?
Give a quantitative appraisal of India's demographic profile during the colonial period.
Highlight the salient features of India's pre-independence occupational structure.
Underscore some of the India's most crucial economic challenges at the time of independence.
When was India's first official census operation undertaken?
Indicate the volume and direction of trade at the time of independence.
Were there any positive contributions made by the British in India? Discuss.
Define a plan.
Why did India opt for planning?
Why should plans have goals?
What are miracle seeds?
What is marketable surplus?
Explain the need and type of land reforms implemented in the agriculture sector.
What is Green Revolution? Why was it implemented and how did it benefit the farmers? Explain in brief
Explain 'growth with equity' as a planning objective.
Does modernisation as a planning objective create contradiction in the light of employment generation? Explain.
Why was it necessary for a developing country like India to follow self-reliance as a planning objective?
What is sectoral composition of an economy? Is it necessary that the service sector should contribute maximum to GDP of an economy? Comment.
Why was public sector given a leading role in industrial development during the planning period?
Explain the statement that green revolution enabled the government to procure sufficient food grains to build its stocks thatcould be used during times of shortage.
While subsidies encourage farmers to use new technology, they are a huge burden on government finances. Discuss the usefulness of subsidies in the light of this fact.
Though public sector is very essential for industries, many public sector undertakings incur huge losses and are a drain on the economy's resources. Discuss the usefulness of public sector undertakings in the light of this fact.
Explain how import substitution can protect domestic industry.
Why and how was private sector regulated under the IPR 1956?
Match the following:
1.
Prime Minister
A.
Seeds that give large proportion of output
2.
Gross Domestic Product
B.
Quantity of goods that can be imported
3.
Quota
C.
Chairperson of the planning commission
4.
Land Reforms
D.
The money value of all the final goods and services produced within the economy in one year
5.
HYV Seeds
E.
Improvements in the field of agriculture to increase its productivity
6.
Subsidy
Why were reforms introduced in India?
Why is it necessary to become a member of WTO?
Why did RBI have to change its role from controller to facilitator of financial sector in India?
How is RBI controlling the commercial banks?
What do you understand by devaluation of rupee?
Distinguish between the following
(i) Strategic and Minority sale
(ii) Bilateral and Multi-lateral trade
(iii) Tariff and Non-tariff barriers.
Why are tariffs imposed?
What is the meaning of quantitative restrictions?
Those public sector undertakings which are making profits should be privatised. Do you agree with this view? Why?
Do you think outsourcing is good for India? Why are developed countries opposing it?
India has certain advantages which make it a favourite outsourcing destination. What are these advantages?
Do you think the navaratna policy of the government helps in improving the performance of public sector undertakings in India?
What are the major factors responsible for the high growth of the service sector?
Agriculture sector appears to be adversely affected by the reform process. Why?
Why has the industrial sector performed poorly in the reform period?
Discuss economic reforms in India in the light of social justice and welfare.
Why is calorie-based norm not adequate to identify the poor?
What is meant by 'Food for Work' programme?
Why are employment generation programmes important in poverty alleviation in India?
How can creation of income earning assets address the problem of poverty?
The three dimensional attack on poverty adopted by the government has not succeeded in poverty alleviation in India. Comment.
What programmes has the government adopted to help the elderly people and poor and destitute women?
Is there any relationship between unemployment and poverty? Explain.
Suppose you are from a poor family and you wish to get help from the government to set up a petty shop. Under which scheme will you apply for assistance and why?
Illustrate the difference between rural and urban poverty. Is it correct to say that poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas? Use the trends in poverty ratio to support your answer.
Suppose you are a resident of a village, suggest a few measures to tackle the problem of poverty.
hat are the two major sources of human capital in a country?
What are the indicators of educational achievement in a country?
Why do we observe regional differences in educational attainment in India?
Bring out the differences between human capital and human development.
How is human development a broader term as compared to human capital?
What factors contribute to human capital formation?
Mention two government organisations that regulate the health and education sectors.
Education is considered an important input for the development of a nation. How?
Discuss the following as a source of human capital formation
(i) Health infrastructure
(ii) Expenditure on migration.
Establish the need for acquiring information relating to health and education expenditure for the effective utilisation of human resources.
How does investment in human capital contribute to growth?
There is a downward trend in inequality world-wide with a rise in the average education levels. Comment.
Examine the role of education in the economic development of a nation.
Explain how investment in education stimulates economic growth.
Bring out the need for on-the-job-training for a person.
Trace the relationship between human capital and economic growth.
Discuss the need for promoting women's education in India.
Argue in favour of the need for different forms of government intervention in education and health sectors.
What are the main problems of human capital formation in India?
n your view, is it essential for the government to regulate the fee structure in education and health care institutions? If so, why?
What do you mean by rural development? Bring out the key issues in rural development.
Discuss the importance of credit in rural development.
Explain the role of micro-credit in meeting credit requirements of the poor.
Explain the steps taken by the government in developing rural markets.
Why is agricultural diversification essential for sustainable livelihoods?
Critically evaluate the role of the rural banking system in the process of rural development in India.
What do you mean by agricultural marketing?
Mention some obstacles that hinder the mechanism of agricultural marketing.
What are the alternative channels available for agricultural marketing? Give some examples.
Distinguish between 'Green Revolution' and 'Golden Revolution'
Explain four measures taken by the government to improve agricultural marketing.
Explain the role of non-farm employment in promoting rural diversification.
Bring out the importance of animal husbandry, fisheries and horticulture as a source of diversification.
'Information technology plays a very significant role in achieving sustainable development and food security' — comment.
What is organic farming and how does it promote sustainable development?
Identify the benefits and limitations of organic farming.
Enlist some problems faced by farmers during the initial years of organic farming.
Who is a worker?
Define worker-population ratio.
Are the following workers — a beggar, a thief, a smuggler, a gambler? Why?
Find the odd man out (i) owner of a saloon (ii) a cobbler (iii) a cashier in Mother Dairy (iv) a tuition master (v) transport operator (vi) construction worker.
he newly emerging jobs are found mostly in the ____________sector.
(service/manufacturing).
An establishment with four hired workers is known as __________ (formal/informal) sector establishment.
Raj is going to school. When he is not in school, you will find him working in his farm. Can you consider him as a worker? Why?
Compared to urban women, more rural women are found working. Why?
Meena is a housewife. Besides taking care of household chores, she works in the cloth shop which is owned and operated by her husband. Can she be considered as a worker? Why?
Find the odd man out (i) rickshaw puller who works under a rick- shaw owner (ii) mason (iii) mechanic shop worker (iv) shoeshine boy.
The following table shows distribution of workforce in India for the year 1972-73. Analyse it and give reasons for the nature of workforce distribution. You will notice that the data is pertaining to the situation in India 30 years ago!
Place of Residence
Workforce (in millions)
Male
Female
Total
Rural
Urban
125
32
69
7
195
39
The following table shows the population and worker population ratio for India in 1999-2000. Can you estimate the workforce (urban and total) for India?
Region
Estimates of population
(in crores)
Worker Population Ratio
Why are regular salaried employees more in urban areas than in rural areas?
Why are less women found in regular salaried employment?
Analyse the recent trends in sectoral distribution of workforce in India.
Compared to the 1970s, there has hardly been any change in the distribution of workforce across various industries. Comment.
Do you think that in the last 50 years, employment generated in the country is commensurate with the growth of GDP in India? How?
Victor is able to get work only for two hours in a day. Rest of the day, he is looking for work. Is he unemployed? Why? What kind of jobs could persons like Victor is doing?
You are residing in a village. If you are asked to advice the village panchayat, what kinds of activities would you suggest for the improvement of your village which would also generate employment.
Who is a casual wage labourer?
How will you know whether a worker is working in the informal sector?