Lecture 1 : Types of solutions ; Expressing concentration of solutions ; Solubility of solid in liquid

Explain the terms ideal and non-ideal solutions in the light of forces of
interactions operating between molecules in liquid solutions.

Define the following modes of expressing the concentration of a solution. Which
of these modes are independent of temperature and why?

(i) w/w (mass percentage) (v) x (mole fraction)
(ii) V/V (volume percentage) (vi) M (Molarity)
(iii) w/V (mass by volume percentage) (vii) m (Molality)
(iv) ppm. (parts per million)

Match the items given in Column I with the type of solutions given in Column II.
Column I                                         Column II
(i) Soda water                           (a) A solution of gas in solid
(ii) Sugar solution                       (b) A solution of gas in gas
(iii) German silver                      (c) A solution of solid in liquid
(iv) Air                                    (d) A solution of solid in solid
(v) Hydrogen gas in palladium         (e) A solution of gas in liquid
                                              (f) A solution of liquid in solid

Note : In the following questions match the items given in Column I and
Column II.

Match the items given in Column I and Column II.
Column I                                                   Column II
(i) Saturated solution                                  (a) Solution having same osmotic
pressure at a given temperature as
that of given solution.
(ii) Binary solution                                      (b) A solution whose osmotic pressure
is less than that of another.
(iii) Isotonic solution                                    (c) Solution with two components.
(iv) Hypotonic solution                                 (d) A solution which contains maximum
amount of solute that can be
dissolved in a given amount of
solvent at a given temperature.
(v) Solid solution                                        (e) A solution whose osmotic pressure
is more than that of another.
(vi) Hypertonic solution                               (f) A solution in solid phase.

why the boiling point of solution is higher than oure liquid

Define the following terms:

(i) Mole fraction

(ii) Molality

(iii) Molarity

(iv) Mass percentage.

Define the term solution. How many types of solutions are formed? Write briefly about each type with an example.