Lecture 2 : Sexuality and Pre-fertilisation ; Fertilisation ; Post-Fertilisation Events

what is repro ?

Differentiate between (a) oestrus and menstrual cycles; (b) ovipary and
vivipary. Cite an example for each type.

Do all the gametes formed from a parent organism have the same genetic
composition (identical DNA copies of the parental genome)? Analyse the
situation with the background of gametogenesis and provide or give
suitable explanation.

Draw the sketches of a zoospore and a conidium. Mention two
dissimilarities between them and atleast one feature common to both
structures.

Suggest a possible explanation why the seeds in a pea pod are arranged
in a row, whereas those in tomato are scattered in the juicy pulp.

List the changes observed in an angiosperm flower subsequent to
pollination and fertilisation.

In a developing embryo, analyse the consequences if cell divisions are
not followed by cell differentiation.

'Fertilisation is not an obligatory event for fruit production in certains
plants'. Explain the statement.

With which type of reproduction do we associate the reduction division?
Analyse the reasons for it.

What do the following parts of a flower develop into after fertilisation?
a. Ovary ______________
b. Ovules ______________

Match the organisms given in Column-’A’ with the vegetative propagules
given in column ‘B’.
Col. A                                                    Col. B
i. Bryophyllum                                      a) offset
ii. Agave                                              b) eyes
iii. Potato                                             c) leaf buds
iv. Water hyacinth                                d) bulbils

Which of the followings are monoecious and dioecious organisms.
a. Earthworm ______________
b. Chara ______________
c. Marchantia ______________
d. Cockroach ______________

Why do gametes produced in large numbers in organisms exhibit external
fertilisation?

Give reasons as to why cell division cannot be a type of reproduction in
multicellular organisms.

Is there a relationship between the size of an organism and its life span?
Give two examples in support of your answer.

Between an annual and a perennial plant, which one has a shorter
juvenile phase? Give one reason.

Although potato tuber is an underground part, it is considered as a
stem. Give two reasons.

Mention two inherent characteristics of Amoeba and yeast that enable
them to reproduce asexually.

Enlist the changes that occur post- fertilization in plants.

What happens during embryogenesis?

What are heterogametes? What do we call these gametes individually?

Define ‘oestrus’ and ‘menstrual’ cycles.

Why do hilly areas of Kerela, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu transform into blue
stretches that attracts many tourists?

Enlist the significance of reproduction.

How will you grow a banana and a ginger plant?

State the function of a vegetative propagule.

How do the following organisms reproduce: Paramoecium and Penicillium?

Which individuals can be termed as clones?

What represents the life span of an organism?

Why are offspring of oviparous animals at a greater risk as compared to offspring of viviparous animals?

Examine a few flowers of any cucurbit plant and try to identify the staminate and pistillate flowers. Do you know any other plant that bears unisexual flowers?

Describe the post-fertilization changes in a flower.

Differentiate between gametogenesis from embryogenesis.

Differentiate between a zoospore and a zygote.

Define external fertilization. Mention its disadvantages.

Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (n) or diploid (2n).

(a) Ovary ———————————

(b) Anther ———————————

(c) Egg ———————————

(d) Pollen ———————————

(e) Male gamete ———————————

(f ) Zygote ———————————

Explain why meiosis and gametogenesis are always interlinked?

Define

(a) Juvenile phase,

(b) Reproductive phase,

(c) Senescent phase.

Why is reproduction essential for organisms?