Some of the properties of tissues are not the constituents of its cells.Give three examples to support the statement.
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What is the similarity and dissimilarity between “whole moong daal”and “broken moong daal” in terms of respiration and growth? Based onthese parameters classify them into living or nonliving?
Do you consider a person in coma-living or dead?
Metabolism is a defining feature of all living organisms without exception.Isolated metabolic reactions in vitro are not living things but surely livingreactions. Comment.
A student of taxonomy was puzzled when told by his professor to lookfor a key to identify a plant. He went to his friend to clarify what ‘Key’ theprofessor was refering to? What would the friend explain to him?
Define a taxon. What is meant by taxonomic hierarchy. Give a flowdiagram from the lowest to highest category for a plant and an animal.What happens to the number of individuals and number of sharedcharacters as we go up the taxonomical hierarchy?
What are taxonomical aids? Give the importance of herbaria andmuseums. How are Botanical gardens and Zoological parks useful inconserving biodiversity?
A scientist has come across a plant which he feels is a new species. Howwill he go about its identification, classification and nomenclature.
What is meant by living? Give any four defining features of life forms.
The number and kinds of organism is not constant. How do you explainthis statement?
Properties of cell organelles are not always found in the molecularconstituents of cell organelles. Justify.
Brinjal and potato belong to the same genus Solanum, but to two differentspecies. What defines them as seperate species?
A plant may have different names in different regions of the country orworld. How do botanists solve this problem?
What is the difference between flora, fauna and vegetation? Eichorniacrassipes is called as an exotic species while Rauvolfia serpentina is anendemic species in India. What do these terms exotic and endemic refer to?
How do you prepare your own herbarium sheets? What are the differenttools you carry with you while collecting plants for the preparation of aherbarium? What information should a preserved plant material on theherbarium sheet provide for taxonomical studies?
A plant species shows several morphological variations in response toaltitudinal gradient. When grown under similar conditions of growth,the morphological variations disappear and all the variants have commonmorphology. What are these variants called?
International Code of Botanical nomenclature (ICBN) has provided a codefor classification of plants. Give hierarchy of units of classificationbotanists follow while classifying plants and mention different ‘Suffixes’used for the units.
In a given habitat we have 20 plant species and 20 animal species. Shouldwe call this as ‘diversity’ or ‘biodiversity’? Justify your answer
A ball of snow when rolled over snow increases in mass, volume andsize. Is this comparable to growth as seen in living organisms? Why?
Which is the largest botanical garden in the world? Name a few wellknown botanical gardens in India.
Define metabolism.
Amoeba multiplies by mitotic cell division. Is this phenomena growth orreproduction? Explain.
What is a Monograph?
Couplet in taxonomic key means ________________ .
What does ICZN stand for?
Linnaeus is considered as Father of Taxonomy. Name two other botanistsknown for their contribution to the field of plant taxonomy?
What effect does this condition have on pregnancy?
Which hormones could be decreased by this condition?
How is it caused?
On an educational trip to Uttaranchal, Ketki and her friends observethat people in many localities have swollen necks. Please help Ketki andher friends to find out the solution to the following questions:a. Which disease are these people suffering from?
Differentiate between pectoral and pelvic girdle.
Discuss the role of Ca2+ ions in muscle contraction. Draw neat sketchesto illustrate your answer.
Explain different types of blood groups and donor compatibility bymaking a table.
Explain the mechanism of breathing with neat labelled sketches
How is the aspect of mobility of elements important to horticultureand agriculture?
It is observed that deficiency of a particular element showed its symptomsinitially in older leaves and then in younger leaves.a. Does it indicate that the element is actively mobilized or relativelyimmobile? Name two elements which are highly mobile and twowhich are relatively immobile.
Explain the digestive system of cockroach with the help of a labelledsketch.
The arrangement of ovules within the ovary is known as placentation.
What does the term placenta refer to? Name the different types ofplacentation seen in plants. Draw any three types of placentation inflowers as seen in T.S.
Distinguish between families fabaceae, solanaceae, liliaceae on the basisof gynoecium characteristics. Also write economic importance of anyone of the above family.
Lichen is usually cited as an example of ‘symbiosis’ in plants wherean algal and a fungal species live together for their mutual benefit.What will happen if algal and fungal partners are separated fromeach other?a. Both will survive and grow normally and independent from each other.b. Both will diec. Algal component will survive while the fungal component will die.d. Fungal component will survive while algal partner will die.Based on your answer how do you justify this association as symbiosis.
With the help of a schematic diagram describe the haplo-diptontic lifecycle pattern in plants.
Old people have weak immune system. What could be the reason?
What is the role of second messenger in hormone action?
What is the role-played by lutenizing hormones in males and femalesrespectively?
What are the point for articulation of pelvic and pectoral girdles?
Write a few lines about Gout.
What is the role played by Renin-Angiotensin in the regulation of kidneyfunction?
c. Name the reptile which has four chambered heart.
b. Which part of the heart is responsible for initiating and maintainingthe rhythmic activity of the heart.
a. What is the major site where RBCs are formed.
Briefly describe the following:a. Atherosclerosisb. Thrombocytes
Differentiate between Blood and L ymph.
State the different modes of CO2 transport in blood.
Name the part of the alimentary canal where major absorption of digestedfood takes place. What are the absorbed forms of different kinds of foodmaterials?
What is pancreas? Mention the major secretions of pancreas that arehelpful in digestion.
A gardener finds some broad-leaved dicot weeds growing in his lawns.What can be done to get rid of the weeds efficiently?
What are the structural characteristics ofa. Meristematic cells near root tipb. The cells in the elongation zone of the root
Nicotiana tabacum, a Short Day Plant, when exposed to more than criticalperiod of light fails to flower. Explain.
Chlorophyll ‘a’ is the primary pigment for the light reaction. What areaccessory pigments? What is their role in photosynthesis?
Succulents are known to keep their stomata closed during the day tocheck transpiration. How do they meet their photosynthetic CO2requirements?
Which is the most crucial enzyme found in root nodules for N2 fixation?Does it require a special pink coloured pigment for its functioning?Elaborate?
How are organisms like Pseudomonas and Thiobacillus of significancein nitrogen cycle?
How is sulphur important for plants? Name the amino acids in which itis present.
When a freshly collected Spirogyra filament is kept in 10% potassiumnitrate solution, it is observed that the protoplasm shrinks in size:a. What is this phenomenon called?b. What will happen if the filament is replaced in distilled water?
Frogs are beneficial for mankind, justify the statement.
Give the location of hepatic caeca in a cockroach? What is their function?
Palm is a monocotyledonous plant, yet it increases in girth. Whyand how?
While eating peach or pear it is usually seen that some stone likestructures get entangled in the teeth, what are these stone like structurescalled?
Give two examples of roots that develop from different parts of theangiospermic plant other than the radicle.
Fill up the blank spaces appropriately
c. Direct Development and Indirect Development
b. Oviparous and Viviparous.
Differentiate between:a. Open Circulatory System and Closed Circulatory System
What is erythropoiesis? Which hormone stimulates it?
Which of the two adrenocortical layers, zona glomerulosa and zonareticularis lies outside enveloping the other?
There are many endocrine glands in human body. Name the gland whichis absent in male and the one absent in female.
Arrange the following in the order of reception and transmission of soundwave from the external auditory canal:Cochlear nerve, ear drum, stapes, incus, malleus, cochlea.
Specific cells of the retina enable us to see coloured objects around us,what are they?
Comment upon the role of ear in maintaining the balance of the bodyand posture.
Rearrange the following in the correct order of involvement in electricalimpulse movement-Synaptic knob, dendrites, cell body, Axon terminal, Axon.
The three tiny bones present in middle ear are called ear ossicles. Writethem in correct sequence begining from ear drum.
Locomotion requires a perfect coordinated activity of muscular, _____,and _______ systems.
c. Which exhibit muscular movement.
b. Which exhibit ciliary movement.
Name the cells/tissues in human body,a. Which exhibit amoeboid movement.
Sort the following into actively or passively transported substances duringreabsorption of GFR.
What are main processes of urine formation?
Mention any two metabolic disorders, which can be diagnosed byanalysis of urine.
Name two actively transported substances in glomerular filtrate.
d. Lymphocytes
c. Neutrophils
b. Globulin
State the functions of the following in blood.a. Fibrinogen
State the functions of the following in blood.
Increased systolic pressure.
Given below are the abnormal conditions related to blood circulation.Name the disorders.
Name the vascular connection that exists between the digestive tractand liver.
e. One can determine the heart beat rate by counting the number of_________ in an ECG.
d. _______ ions play a significant role in clotting.
c. Eosinophils are associated with _____ reactions.
Complete the missing word in the statement given below:a. Plasma without _________ factors is called serum.
Name the blood component, which is viscous and straw coloured fluid.
What is the amount of O2 supplied to tissues through every 100 mL. ofoxygenated blood under normal physiological conditions?
Cigarette smoking causes emphysema. Give reason.
Name the primary site of exchange of gases in our body?
A fluid filled double membranous layer surrounds the lungs. Name itand mention its important function.
Stomach is located in upper left portion of the abdominal cavity and hasthree major parts. Name these three parts:
What do we call the type of teeth attachment to jaw bones in which eachtooth is embedded in a socket of jaw bones?
Define digestion in one sentence.
Name the enzymes involved in the breakdown of nucleotides into sugarsand bases?
In which part of alimentary canal does absorption of water, simple sugarsand alcohol takes place?
Trypsinogen is an inactive enzyme of pancreatic juice. An enzyme,enterokinase, activates it. Which tissue/ cells secrete this enzyme?
The food mixes thoroughly with the acidic gastric juice of the stomachby the churning movements of its muscular wall. What do we call thefood then?
Plant growth substances (PGS) have innumerable practical applications.Name the PGS you should use toa. Increase yield of sugar caneb. Promote lateral shoot growthc. Cause sprouting of potato tuberd. Inhibit seed germination
Fill in the places with appropriate word/words.a. A phase of growth which is the maximum and fastest is __________.b. Apical dominance as expressed in dicotyledonous plants is dueto the presence of more ________ in the apical bud than in thelateral ones.c. In addition to auxin, ________ must be supplied to culture mediumto obtain a good callus in plant tissue culture.d. ________ of a vegetative plants are the sites of photoperiodicperception.
b. Breakdown of proton gradient leads to release of _________ .
a. NADP reductase enzyme is located on __________.
Cyanobacteria and some other photosynthetic bacteria don’t havechloroplasts. How do they conduct photosynthesis?
The cytoplasm in a plant cell is surrounded by both cell wall and cellmembrane. The specificity of transport of substances are mostly acrossthe cell membrane, because __________.
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