DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS

Why do we keep both snake and turtle in the same class?

List out some common features in cat, rat and bat.

Differentiate between flying lizard and bird. Draw the diagram.

Which organism is more complex and evolved among Bacteria, Mushroom
and Mango tree. Give reasons.

You are given leech, Nereis, Scolopendra, prawn and scorpion; and all
have segmented body organisation. Will you classify them in one group? If
no, give the important characters based on which you will separate these
organisms into different groups.

Define the terms and give one example of each
(a) Bilateral symmetry
(b) Coelom
(c) Triploblastic

Thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta are called as ‘Cryptogams’.
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are called as ‘phanerogams’. Discuss why?
Draw one example of Gymnosperm.

Write names of few thallophytes. Draw a labelled diagram of Spirogyra.

Give examples for the following
(a) Bilateral, dorsiventral symmetry is found in———.
(b) Worms causing disease elephantiasis is———.
(c) Open circulatory system is found in———where coelomic cavity is filled
with blood.
(d) ———are known to have pseudocoelom.

Give True (T) and False (F)
(a) Gymnosperms differ from Angiosperms in having covered seed.
(b) Non flowering plants are called Cryptogamae.
(c) Bryophytes have conducting tissue.
(d) Funaria is a moss.
(e) Compound leaves are found in many ferns.
(f) Seeds contain embryo.

Fill in the blanks
(a) Five kingdom classification of living organisms is given by ———.
(b) Basic smallest unit of classification is ———.
(c) Prokaryotes are grouped in Kingdom ———.
(d) Paramecium is a protista because of its ———.
(e) Fungi do not contain ———.
(f) A fungus ——— can be seen without microscope.
(g) Common fungi used in preparing the bread is ———.
(h) Algae and fungi form symbiotic association called ———.

Name two egg laying mammals.

Classify Rohu, Scolidon, Flying lizard, King Kobra, Frog, Salamander,
Ostrich, Pigeon, Bat, Crocodile and Whale into the cold blooded/warm
blooded animals.

Classify the following based on number of chambers in their heart.
Rohu,          Scoliodon,        Frog,           Salamander,    Flying lizard, King Cobra,
Crocodile,      Ostrich,         Pigeon,           Bat,               Whale

Endoskeleton of fishes are made up of cartilage and bone; classify the
following fishes as cartilagenous or bony
Torpedo,           Sting ray,           Dog fish,
Rohu,              Angler fish,         Exocoetus.

Classify the following organisms based on the absence/presence of true
coelom (i.e., acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate)
Spongilla,          Sea anemone,          Planaria,                    Liver fluke

Wuchereria,            Ascaris,                  Nereis,                     Earthworm,

   Scorpion,               Birds,                      Fishes,                    Horse.

Match items of column (A) with items of column (B)
(A)                                               (B)
(a) Naked seed                              (A) Angiosperms
(b) Covered seed                            (B) Gymnosperms
(c) Flagella                                      (C) Bryophytes
(d) Marchantia                                 (D) Euglena
(e) Marsilea                                     (E) Thallophyta
(f) Cladophora                                  (F) Pteridophyta
(g) Penicillium                                   (G) Fungi

You are provided with the seeds of gram, wheat, rice, pumpkin, maize and
pea. Classify them whether they are monocot or dicot.

Fill in the blanks
(a) Fungi shows———mode of nutrition.
(b) Cell wall of fungi is made up of ———.
(c) Association between blue green algae and fungi is called as———.
(d) Chemical nature of chitin is ———.
(e) ———has smallest number of organisms with maximum number of
similar characters
(f) Plants without well differentiated stem, root and leaf are kept in ———.
(g) ———are called as amphibians of the plant kingdom.

Write true (T) or false (F)
(a) Whittaker proposed five kingdom classification.
(b) Monera is divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
(c) Starting from Class, Species comes before the Genus.
(d) Anabaena belongs to the kingdom Monera.
(e) Blue green algae belongs to the kingdom Protista.
(f) All prokaryotes are classified under Monera.

Explain how animals in Vertebrata are classified into further subgroups.

How are the criteria for deciding divisions in plants different from the criteria for deciding the subgroups among animals?

What are the major divisions in the Plantae? What is the basis for these divisions?

Explain the basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms.

How would you choose between two characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in classification?

What are the advantages of classifying organisms?

What are the differences between animals belonging to the Aves group and those in the mammalia group?

What are the differences between amphibians and reptiles?

How do annelid animals differ from arthropods?

How do poriferan animals differ from coelenterate animals?

How do gymnosperms and angiosperms differ from each other?

How are pteridophytes different from the phanerogams?

Which division among plants has the simplest organisms?

In the hierarchy of classification, which grouping will have the smallest number of organisms with a maximum of characteristics in common and which will have the largest number of organisms?

In which kingdom will you place an organism which is single-celled, eukaryotic and photosynthetic?

What is the criterion for classification of organisms as belonging to kingdom Monera or Protista?

Will advanced organisms be the same as complex organisms? Why?

Which organisms are called primitive and how are they different from the so-called advanced organisms?

On what basis are plants and animals put into different categories?

What is the primary characteristic on which the first division of organisms is made?

Which do you think is a more basic characteristic for classifying organisms?

(a) The place where they live.

(b) The kind of cells they are made of. Why?

Give three examples of the range of variations that you see in life-forms around you.

Why do we classify organisms?