Chapter-16 Chemistry in Everyday Life

What is the difference between saccharin and saccharic acid?

Match the classes of drugs given in Column I with their action given in
Column II.
Column I Column II
(i) Analgesics (a) Inhibit the growth of
microorganisms can be given orally.
(ii) Antiseptics (b) Treatment of stress
(iii) Antihistamines (c) Applied to inanimate objects
(iv) Antacids (d) Prevents the interaction of histamine
with its receptor
(v) Tranquilisers (e) Pain killing effect
(vi) Antibiotics (f) Applied to diseased skin surfaces
(vii) Disinfectants (g) Treatment of acidity

Match the class of compounds given in Column I with their functions given in
Column II.
Column I Column II
(i) Antagonists (a) Communicate message between
two neurons and that between
neurons to muscles
(ii) Agonists (b) Bind to the receptor site and inhibit its
natural function
(iii) Chemical messenger (c) Crucial to body’s communication
process
(iv) Inhibitors (d) Mimic the natural messenger
(v) Receptors (e) Inhibit activities of enzymes.

Match the medicines given in Column I with their use given in Column II.
Column I Column II
(i) Ranitidine (a) Tranquilizer
(ii) Furacine (b) Antibiotic
(iii) Phenelzine (c) Antihistamine
(iv) Chloramphenicol (d) Antiseptic
(e) Antifertility drug

What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is
a strong covalent bond?

How are receptor proteins located in the cell membrane?

Explain the role of allosteric site in enzyme inhibition?

Sodium salts of some acids are very useful as food preservatives. Suggest a
few such acids.

Aspartame is unstable at cooking temperature, where would you suggest
aspartame to be used for sweetening?

Name two α-amino acids which form a dipeptide which is 100 times more
sweet than cane sugar?

Name an artificial sweetener which is derivative of sucrose.

What is the difference between saccharin and saccharic acid?

Pickles have a long shelf life and do not get spoiled for months, why?

Sugar is the main source of energy as it produces energy on metabolic
decomposition. But these days low calorie drinks are more popular, why?

What are fillers and what role these fillers play in soap?

Why are certain drugs called enzyme inhibitors?

With the help of an example explain how do tranquilizers control the feeling of
depression?

What are the functions performed by histamine in the body?

What is the advantage of using antihistamines over antacids in the treatment
of acidity?

How are transparent soaps manufactured?

What is the difference between bathing soap and washing soaps?

What is the side product of soap industry? Give reactions showing soap
formation.

What is the mode of action of antimicrobial drugs?

What are antagonistic drugs?

What is the medicinal use of narcotic drugs?

Which analgesics are called opiates?

Between sodiumhydrogencarbonate and magnesium hydroxide which is a
better antacid and why?

What is the basic difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?

What is the scientific explanation for the feeling of depression?

What are analgesics?

Why is it safer to use soap from the environmental point of view?

How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect
their biodegradability?

Dishwashing soaps are synthetic detergents. What is their chemical nature?

Hair shampoos belong to which class of synthetic detergent?

Which category of the synthetic detergents is used in toothpaste?

Explain why some times foaming is seen in river water near the place where
sewage water is poured after treatment?

If soap has high alkali content it irritates skin. How can the amount of excess
alkali be determined? What can be the source of excess alkali?

What is a soft soap?

Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines but they cannot
replace each other. Explain why?

Aspirin is pain relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart
attack. Explain.

Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?

What is the commonality between the antibiotic arsphenamine and azodye?

What type of forces are involved in binding of substrate to the active site of
enzyme?

Which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site?

What is the harmful effect of hyperacidity?

Where are receptors located?

Which type of drugs come under antimicrobial drugs?

What are antiseptics?

Write the uses of medicines.

What is the average molecular mass of drugs?

Define the term chemotherapy?

why do we require artificial sweetening agents?

what are main constiuent of Dettol? 

what type drug phenaticinis? 

Name the drug that are used to control allergy? 

Why is the use of aspartame limited to cold food and drinks? 

What is tranquilizers? Give an example?

what type of drug chloramphenicol?

Why is biothional is added to the toilet soap? 

what are food preservatives?

Mention one important use of the following-

(i) Equanil                             (ii)Sucrolose

what are tincture of iodine?

What is artificial sweetening agent? Give two examples?

How is synthetic detergents better than soaps?

what are sulpha drugs? Give two examples?

what forces are involved in holding the active sites of the enzymes?

Describe the following giving an example in each case-  (i) Edible colours

(ii) Antifertility drugs

Give two examples of organic compounds used as antiseptics?

what are Biodegredable and non-biodegdredable detergents? Give one example of each.

what are barbiturates? To which class of drugs do they belong? Give two examples.

what is the use of –

(i) Benadryl (ii) sodium benzoate (iii) Progesterone

4 Identify the type of drug-

(i) Ofloxacin (ii) Aspirin (iii) Cimetidine

Describe the following with suitable example-

(i) Disinfectant

(ii) Analgesics

(iii) Broad spectrum antibiotics

Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in the following compounds.

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

Explain the cleansing action of soaps.

Can you use soaps and synthetic detergents to check the hardness of water?

Why do soaps not work in hard water?

What are biodegradable and non-biodegradable detergents? Give one example of each.

Explain the following terms with suitable examples

(i) Cationic detergents

(ii) Anionic detergents and

(iii) Non-ionic detergents

How are synthetic detergents better than soap?

What problem arises in using alitame as artificial sweetener?

Name a sweetening agent used in the preparation of sweets for a diabetic patient.

What are artificial sweetening agents? Give two examples.

Why is use of aspartame limited to cold foods and drinks?

What are food preservatives?

What is tincture of iodine? What is its use?

What are the main constituents of dettol?

Name a substance which can be used as an antiseptic as well as disinfectant.

Why are cimetidine and ranitidine better antacids than sodium hydrogen carbonate or magnesium or aluminium hydroxide?

How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Give one example of each.

What is meant by the term 'broad spectrum antibiotics'? Explain.

Low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression. What types of drugs are needed to cure this problem? Name two drugs.

While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function of each other?

Which forces are involved in holding the drugs to the active site of enzymes?

Define the term chemotherapy.

Why should not medicines be taken without consulting doctors?

Name the macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.

Explain the term target molecules or drug targets as used in medicinal chemistry.

Why do we need to classify drugs in different ways?

Following type of nom-ionic detergents are present in liquid detergents, emulsifying agents and wetting agents. Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts in the molecule. Identify the functional group (s) present in the molecule.

Write the chemical equation for preparing sodium soap from glyceryl oleate and glyceryl palmitate. Structural formulae of these compounds are given below.

(i) 

(ii) 

Why do we require artificial sweetening agents?

With reference to which classification has the statement, 'ranitidine is an antacid" been given?

Sleeping pills are recommended by doctors to the patients suffering from sleeplessness but it is not advisable to take its doses without consultation with the doctor, Why?