Chapter-16 Environmental Issues

How does an electrostatic precipitator work?

What are multipurpose trees? Give the botanical and local names of any
two multipurpose trees known to you and list their uses.

Water logging and soil salinity are some of the problems that have come
in the wake of the Green Revolution. Discuss their causes and adverse
effects to the environment.

What is organic farming? Discuss the benefits of organic farming as a
viable practise in the context of developing nations like India.

Write a short note on electronic waste. List the various sources of
e- wastes and the problems associated with its disposal.

How has DDT caused decline in bird population?

What do you understand by Snow-blindness?

What is the main idea behind “Joint Forest Management Concept”
introduced by the Government of India?

How can slash and burn agriculture become environment friendly?

Why has the National Forest Commission of India recommended a
relatively larger forest cover for hills than for plains?

It is a common practice to plant trees and shrubs near the boundary
walls of buildings. What purpose do they serve?

Name any one green house gas and its possible source of production on
a large scale. What are the harmful effects of it?

Is it true that if the dissolved oxygen level drops to zero, the water will
become septic. Give an example which could lower the dissolved oxygen
content of an aquatic body.

What is hybrid vehicle technology?. Explain its advantages with a suitable
example?

Is it true that carpets and curtains/drapes placed on the floor or wall
surfaces can reduce noise level. Explain briefly?

What is the best solution for the treatment of electronic wastes?

What is reforestation?

What are the three major kinds of impurities in domestic wastewater?

What do you understand by biomagnificatron?

What is an algal bloom?

Name an industry which can cause both air and thermal pollution and
as well as eutrophication.

Mention any two examples of plants used as wind breakers in the
agricultural fields.

Blends of polyblend and bitumen, when used, help to increase road life
by a factor of three. What is the reason?

What is the raw material for polyblend?

List any two adverse effects of particulate matter on human health.

What is cultural eutrophication?

It is a common practice to undertake desilting of the overhead water
tanks. What is the possible source of silt that gets deposited in the water
tanks?

Name the city in our country where the entire public road transport
runs on CNG.

In which year was the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
amended to include noise as air pollution.

Use of lead-free petrol or diesel is recommended to reduce the pollutants
emitted by automobiles. What role does lead play?

In Arcata, the town’s people have created an integrated waste water treatment process within a natural system. A citizen group called FOAM helps in upkeep of this project.

(a) What are the main steps in waste water management done in this way? (b)  ‘Ecosan’  in  Kerala  and  Sri  Lanka  is  also  an  intiative  for  water

conservation. How?

Pollutant released due to human activities (like effluents from industries and homes) can radically accelerate the ageing process of the water body.

(a)   Explain how does this process occurs during natural ageing of lake. (b)   Give the term used for accelerated ageing of water bodies. Also give

the term used for the natural ageing of lake.

People have been actively participating in the efforts for the conservation of forests.

(i)    Name the award instituted in respect of Amrita Devi to promote such efforts.

(ii)   Name the movement launched to protect the trees by hugging them. (iii)  Name the step Government of India has undertaken in 1980’s to work

closely with the local communities for protecting and managing forests.

Enlist four harmful effects caused to the humans living in areas having polluted air. Suggest two measures to reduce air pollution.

Deforestation is creating a lot of problems in the environment. List the consequences of deforestation.

What is the relationship between BOD, mcro-organisms and amount of bio- degradable matter?

Water logging and salinity are some of the problems that have come in the wake of Green revolution. How does water logging create problems of salinity?

What are e-wastes? Why are they creating more problem in developing countries in comparision to developed countries?

Catalytic converters use expensive metals as catalysts.

(a)   Name the metals generally used.

(b)   What precaution should be observed while using catalytic converter.

There is a sharp decline in dissolved oxygen downstream from the point of sewage discharge. Why? What are its adverse effects?

Why is a scrubber used? Which spray is used on exhaust gases passing through a scrubber?

Electrostatic precipitator can remove over 99% particulate matter present in exhaust from a thermal power plant. How?

Landfills are not much a solution for getting rid of solid wastes. Why?

A radiation causes ageing of skin, skin cancer, and inflamation of cornea called snow blindness. It also damages DNA. Name the radiation.

Jhum cultivation has been in practice from earlier days, but its considered more problematic these days. Why?

Why was the Montreal Protocol signed?

What is the noise level that can cause permanent impairment of hearing ability of human beings?

PM2.5 is responsible for causing greatest harm to human health. What is it? How is it harmful?

Why should the velocity of air between the plates of an electrostatic precipitator be low?

Discuss the various effects of Deforestation?

Describe the different components that compose solid wastes?

What is Eutrophication? Explain its consequences on the life of plants &
animals living in such water?

How defunct ships do contributes to solid wastes?

What can be the effect of discharging hot water into water body on the
organism in it?

What is photochemical smog composed of? How does this affect the
plants?

What is the expected rise din the global temperature by the year 2010?

Name the most widely used method of removing particulate matter?

Why should unleaded petrol be used in automobiles with catalytic
converter?

What is meant by snow blindness?

Which types of uv-radiations are lethal to organisms?

What is Green house effect? Discuss the various impacts of greenhouse
effect on environment?

What is deforestation? Mention some of its causes & also the measures
taken to prevent deforestation?

With the help of a diagram describe the working of an electrostatic
precipitator?

Why do certain organisms that disappear after a certain distance in water
body?

Why are the radioactive wastes stored in small power within the premises
of nuclear power plant before they are finally disposed?

Mention any four consequences of deforestation?

What are e-wastes? How can they be getting rid off?

Why CNG is considered a better fuel than diesel for automobiles?

Name the method used to remove pollutant gases from exhaust?

Define polar Vortex?

i) What is meant by ozone shield?
ii) Name two ozone depleting substances?
iii) How do ozone depleting substances affect ozone shield?
iv) Write one damaging effect of ozone – depletion on human & plants
respectively?

Discuss briefly the catalytic converter?

What is biological magnification? Explain how DDT as a water pollutant
undergoes biological magnification?

What initiatives were taken for reducing vehicular are pollution in Delhi?

How do CFCS cause damage to ozone layer?

What are algal blooms? How do they affect the other organisms in the water
body?

What is meant by ozone hole?

Name any two metals found in the catalytic converts?

Name any three gases contributing to green-house effect.

Discuss briefly the following:

(a) Greenhouse gases

(b) Catalytic converter

(c) Ultraviolet B

What initiatives were taken for reducing vehicular air pollution in Delhi?

Has air quality improved in Delhi?

Discuss briefly the following:

(a) Radioactive wastes

(b) Defunct ships and e-wastes

(c) Municipal solid wastes

What measures, as an individual, you would take to reduce environmental pollution?

Discuss the role of women and communities in protection and conservation of forests.

Why ozone hole forms over Antarctica? How will enhanced ultraviolet Radiations affect us?

Write critical notes on the following:

(a) Eutrophication

(b) Biological magnification

(c) Groundwater depletion and ways for its replenishment

Match the items given in column A and B:

Discuss the causes and effects of global warming. What measures need to be taken to control global warming?

List all the wastes that you generate, at home, school or during your Trips to other places, could you very easily reduce? Which would be Difficult or rather impossible to reduce?

What are the various constituents of domestic sewage? Discuss the effects of sewage discharge on a river.