Chapter-9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

What are three options to increase food production? Discuss each giving
the salient features, merits and demerits.

Discuss how the property of plant cell totipotency has been utilised for
plant propagation and improvement

a) Mutations are beneficial for plant breeding. Taking an example,
justify the statement.
(b) Discuss briefly the technology that made us self-sufficient in food
production.

Does apiculture offer multiple advantages to farmers? List its advantages
if it is located near a place of commercial flower cultivation.

‘Modern methods of breeding animals and plants can alleviate the global
food shortage’. Comment on the statement and give suitable examples.

What are the advantages of tissue culture methods over conventional
method of plant breeding in crop improvement programmes?

(a) The shift from grain to meat diets creates more demands for
cereals. Why?
(b) A 250 kg cow produces 200 g of protein per day but 250 g of
Methylophillus methylotrophus can produce 25 tonnes of protein
Name this emerging area of research. Explain its benefits.

You are a Botanist working in the area of plant breeding. Describe the
various steps that you will undertake to release a new variety.

Give few examples of biofortified crops. What benefits do they offer to
the society?

What are the physical barriers of a cell in the protoplast fusion
experiment? How are the barriers overcome?

Discuss briefly how pure lines are created in animal husbandry.

Discuss natural selection and artificial selection. What are the
implications of the latter on the process of evolution?

Define the term ‘stress’ for plants. Discuss briefly the two types of stress
encountered by plants.

Discuss the importance of testing of new plant varieties in a
geographically vast country like India.

Plants raised through tissue cultures are clones of the ‘parent’ plant.
Discuss the utility of these plants.

What is the difference between a breed and a species? Give an example
for each category.

“Give me a living cell of any plant and I will give you a thousand plants
of the same type” Is this only a slogan or is it scientifically possible?
Write your comments and justify them.

Is there any relationship between dedifferentiation and the higher degree
of success achieved in plant tissue culture experiments?

The culture medium (nutrient medium) can be referred to as a ‘highly
enriched laboratory soil. Justify the statement.

It is easier to culture plant cells in vitro as compared to animal cells. Why?

Suggest some of the features of plants that will prevent insect and pest
infestation

Name the improved characteristics of wheat that helped India to achieve
green revolution.

What is meant by germplasm collection? What are its benefits?

How can we improve the success rate of fertilisation during artificial
insemination in animal husbandry programmes?

Life style diseases are increasing alarmingly in India. We are also dealing
with large scale malnutrition in the population. Is there any method by
which we can address both of these problems together?

A farmer was facing the problem of low yield from his farm. He was advised
to keep a beehive in the vicinity. Why? How would the beehive help in
enhancing yield?

Explain the concept of the Blue Revolution.

It is said, that diseases are spreading faster due to globalisation and
increased movement of people. Justify the statement taking the example
of H5N1 virus.

You are planning to set up a Dairy Farm. Describe the various aspects
you would consider before you start the venture.

The term ‘desirable trait’ can mean different things for different plants.
Justify the statement with suitable examples.

Give two important contributions of Dr. M. S. Swaminathan.

Differentiate between pisciculture and aquaculture.

Interspecific crosses are rare in nature and intergeneric crosses almost
unknown. Why?

Discuss the two main limitations of plant hybridization programme.

What is emasculation? Why and when is it done?

How is a somatic hybrid different from a hybrid?

Would it be wrong to call plants obtained through micro-propagation
as ‘clones’? Comment.

What are the duties of a veterinary doctor in management of a poultry
farm?

What is aquaculture? Give example of an animal that can be multiplied
by aquaculture.

A person who is allergic to pulses was advised to take a capsule of
Spirulina daily. Give the reasons for the advise.

Why are proteins synthesised from Spirulina called single cell proteins?

Why is it easier to culture meristems compared to permanent tissues?

What is protoplast fusion?

Why are plants obtained by protoplast culture called somatic hybrids?

What is meant by ‘hidden hunger’?

A few statements are given below followed by a set of terms in a box.
Pick the correct term and write it against the appropriate statement
a. Mating of closely related individuals within the same breed
b. Mating of animals of same breed but having no common ancestors
on either side for 4-6 generations
c. Mating of animals of two different species
d. Breeding of animals belonging to different breeds

(i) Cross breeding, (ii) Inter-specific hybridization,
(iii) Out breeding, (iv) Out crossing, (v) Inbreeding

Name a man-made cereal? Trace how it was developed and where is it
used?

In the area of plant breeding, it is important not only to preserve the
seeds of the variety being cultivated, but also to preserve all its wild
relatives. Explain with a suitable example.

In animal husbandry, if two closely related animals are mated for a few
generations, it results in loss of fertility and vigour. Why is this so?

Can gamma rays used for crop improvement programmes prove to be
harmful for health? Discuss.

Millions of chicken were killed in West Bengal, Assam, Orissa and
Maharashtra recently. What was the reason?

What is somatic hybridisation? Describe the various steps in producing somatic hybrids from protoplasts. Mention any two uses of somatic hybridisation.

Does apiculture offer multiple advantages to farmers? List its advantages, if it is located near a place of commercial flower cultivation. Name the most common species of bee which is reared in India.

To which product, following products are related (a) Blue revolution (b)

white revolution (c) Green revolution

What is meant by germplasm Collection? Describe its significance in plant breeding programmes.

Biofortification is the most practical means to improve public health. Justify the statement with examples.

How can we improve the success rate of fertilisation during artificial insemination in aminal husbandary programmes?

What is mutation? Explain the significance of mutation in plant breeding.

Give an example of a disease resistant variety of cultivated plant induced by mutation.

What is micropropagation? Why are plants produced by this technique called somaclones? Name any two food plants which are produced on commercial scale using this method.

Differentiate between inbreeding and outbreeding in animals.

Why are proteins synthesized from Spirulina called Single celled Proteins?

What is the significance of such a protein?

Study the table given below and fill in the blanks marked A, B, C and D

A new breed of sheep was developed in Punjab by crossing two different breeds of Sheep. Name the two breeds which were crossed and the new breed developed

Write two qualities of Saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane) grown in South

India.

Name two fungal diseases of Crop plants.

Why is inbreeding necessary in animal husbandary?

What are the major steps involved in Plant breeding?

What is apiculture? What are the requirements to consider for bee–keeping?

What is meant by the term “breed”. What are the objectives of animal breeding?

Name the variety developed & disease to which it is resistant in case of :-
i) Brassica :-
ii) Cowpea :-

Why was hybridization carried out between species of Sugarcane in North India &
that grown in south India?

What is artificial insemination? What are the advantages of this technique?

Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus free plants & why?

Name any two fresh water fishes?

What is a somaclones?

What is the major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation?

Give any two commercial products produced from Apis species?

What is somatic hybridization – Explain the steps involved in the production of
somatic hybrids?

The steps in a programme are :-
Collection of germplasm, crossbreeding the selected parents, selection superior
recombinant progeny & Testing, releasing & marketing new cultivars?
i) What is this programme related to?
ii) Name two special qualities as the basis of selection of progeny.
iii) What was the outcome of the programme?
iv) What is the popular term given to this outcome? Also name the India Scientist
who is credited with chalking out of this programme.
v) Among the above – mentioned step which is the most crucial step of this
programme & why?

What are the measures that need to be taken for effective poultry farm
management?

What are the advantages of breeding for disease-resistance in plants?

What is interspecific hybridization. Give an example?

What is inbreeding depression? Why do self – pollinated crops do not show the illeffects
of inbreeding depression?

Why is mutation breeding necessary for breeding for disease resistance?

Name the microbe that is grown for use as protein – rich food?

Name two better yielding varieties of rice developed in India?

What do you mean by “Out – breeding”. What are the different methods employed
for out breeding.

What is “tissue culture”. What are the steps involved in tissue culture?

What measures would you undertake to improve the quality & quantity of milk
production?

What is germplasm? Why is it necessary to have gemplasm collection?

Expand MOET. How is it carried out?

What is single cell protein? What is its significance?

Give an example where mutation breeding has been Successfully carried out for
introducing disease resistance.

What is Biofortification?

Name any two semi – dwarf varieties of wheat introduced into all wheat growing
places of India?

Find out what the various components of the medium used for propagation of explants in vitro are?

What is the major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation?

Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?

Explain what is meant by biofortification.

Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding.

Discuss the role of fishery in enhancement of food production.

What is apiculture? How is it important in our lives?

Name the methods employed in animal breeding. According to you which one of the methods is best? Why?

What is meant by the term 'breed'? What are the objectives of animal breeding?

If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?

Explain in brief the role of animal husbandry in human welfare.