Chapter-12 Biotechnology and its Applications

Name the five key tools for accomplishing the tasks of recombinant DNA
technology. Also mention the functions of each tool.

What is meant by the term bio-pesticide? Name and explain the mode of
action of a popular bio-pesticide.

List the advantages of recombinant insulin.

List the disadvantages of insulin obtained from the pancreas of
slaughtered cows and pigs:

Explain with the help of one example how genetically modified plants
can:
(a) Reduce usage of chemical pesticides
(b) Enhance nutritional value of food crops

What are the various advantages of using genetically modified plants to
increase the overall yield of the crop?

Highlight five areas where biotechnology has influenced our lives.

You have identified a useful gene in bacteria. Make a flow chart of the
steps that you would follow to transfer this gene to a plant.

Define transgenic animals. Explain in detail any four areas where they
can be utilised.

A patient is suffering from ADA deficiency. Can he be cured? How?

Bt cotton is resistant to pest, such as lepidopteron, dipterans and
coleopterans. Is Bt cotton also resistant to other pests as well?

When a foreign DNA is introduced into an organism, how is it maintained
in the host and how is it transferred to the progeny of the organism?

Gene therapy is an attempt to correct a genetic defect by providing a
normal gene into the individual. By this the normal function can be
restored. An alternate method would be to provide the gene product
(protein/enzyme) known as enzyme replacement therapy, which would
also restore the function. Which in your opinion is a better option? Give
reason for your answer.

Gene therapy is an attempt to correct a genetic defect by providing a
normal gene into the individual. By this the normal function can be
restored. An alternate method would be to provide the gene product
(protein/enzyme) known as enzyme replacement therapy, which would
also restore the function. Which in your opinion is a better option? Give
reason for your answer.

How is a mature, functional insulin hormone different from its
prohormone form?

ELISA technique is based on the principles of antigen-antibody
interaction. Can this techique be used in the molecular diagnosis of a
genetic disorder, such as phenyketonuria?

Define Antigen and Antibody. Name any two diagnostic kits based
upon them.

Taking examples under each category, discuss upstream and
downstream processing.

Who was the first patient who was given gene therapy? Why was the
given treatment recurrent in nature?

Discuss briefly how a probe is used in molecular diagnostics.

Why is it that the line of treatment for a genetic disease is different from
infectious diseases?

What is a recombinant DNA vaccine? Give two examples.

Highlight any four areas where genetic modification of plants has been
useful.

Ignoring our traditional knowledge can we prove costly in the area of
biological patenting. Justify.

Ignoring our traditional knowledge can we prove costly in the area of
biological patenting. Justify.

Gene expression can be controlled with the help of RNA. Explain the
method with an example.

Discuss the advantages of GMO.

For which variety of Indian rice, the patent was filed by a USA Company?

What is GEAC and what are its objectives?

PCR is a useful tool for early diagnosis of an infectious disease. Elaborate.

Name the first transgenic cow. Which gene was introduced in this cow?

With respect to understanding diseases, discuss the importance of
transgenic animal models.

How was Insulin obtained before the advent of rDNA technology? What
were the problems encountered?

Give any two reasons why the patent on Basmati should not have gone
to an American Company.

Why has the Indian Parliament cleared the second amendment of the
country’s patents bill?

While creating genetically modified organisms, genetic barriers are not
respected. How can this be dangerous in the long run?

Many proteins are secreted in their inactive form. This is also true of
many toxic proteins produced by micro organisms. Explain how the
mechanism is useful for the organism producing the toxin?

Write a short note on Biopiracy highlighting the exploitation of developing
countries by the developed countries.

Can a disease be detected before its symptoms appear? Explain the
principle involved.

Give the full form of ELISA. Which disease can be detected using it?
Discuss the principle underlying the test.

Differentiate between diagnostics and therapeutics. Give one example
and for each category.

Expand GMO. How is it different from a hybrid?

In view of the current food crisis, it is said, that we need another green
revolution. Highlight the major limitations of the earlier green revolution.

A bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis produces a toxic protein named ‘cry

protein’ that is lethal to certain insects but not to bacterium

(a)   Why this toxin does not kill the bacteria?

(b)   What type of changes occur in the gut of insects on consuming this protein?

(c)   How man has exploited this protein for his benefit?

Some multinational companies and other organisations are using bioresources for commercial benefits, without proper authentication and compensation to concerned authorities.

(a)   Give the term for this unauthorised act. (b)   Suggest any two ways to get rid of this.

Industrialised nations are exploiting the bioresources of under industrialised nations”. Justify the statement with a suitable example.

GEAC is one of the organisation set up by Indian Government. Write its full form. Give its two objectives.

Some crop plants are modified genetically by manipulating their genes. How are they made beneficial?

What are the two methods for correcting ADA deficiency in a child?

Name two pest resistant plants produced by using recombinant DNA

technology.

The  insulin  produced  using  recombinant  DNA  technology  is  more advantageous than the insulin extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs. How?

The first transgenic cow, produced human protein – enriched milk. Name the cow and the protein found in milk.

Which nematode infects the roots of tobacco plant and causes a great reduction in yield?

Devel ment of a transgenic food crop may help in solving the problem of night blindness in the developing countries, name this crop plant.op

Name the technique based on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction used in detection of a virus (HIV).

What are the steps involved in synthesis of genetically engineered
insulin.

What is RNA Silencing? How is this strategy used to create pest –
resistant plants?

Why is recombinant Insulin produced by genetic engineering need to be
processed?

Mention any four applications of Biotechnology in the field of
Agriculture?

Why did Bacterial toxin does not kill the bacteria but only the insects?

How is autoradiography used to detect a mutated gene?

Name any one disease for which gene therapy has been proved effective?

What is the difference between ‘Cry’ & ‘CRY’.

Name any two diseases for which transgenic mice are used as model
organisms.

Name the technique which is used to detect HIV in Suspected AIDS
patient?

Name any disease against which vaccine is developed lay Recombinant
DNA technology.

Name the bacterium which is used to produce insect-resistant plants by
genetic engineering.

Compare & contrast the advantages & disadvantage of production of Genetically
modified organisms?

Write an account on the production of human insulin in transgenic organisms.

What are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produces it. How has man
exploited this protein to his benefit?

Give any two examples of products, how transgenic animals can be used to
produce biological compounds?

What are transgenic Bacteria? Illustrate using any one example?

What do you mean by “Biopiracy” Give an example?

What are genetically modified organisms? Name two factors on which their
behaviour depends?

Which vaccine was being tested on mice?

Name the first transgenic cow?

Expand GEAC.

What is Gene therapy – Illustrate using example of Adenosine deaminase
deficiency?

Describe how nematode – resistant transgenic plants have been obtained?

Describe with example, Why transgenic animals are produced?

What are the advantages of molecular diagnostics over conventional methods?

What are the three critical research areas in the field of Biotechnology?

What is Golden rice? What is its advantage?

Define a patent?

Write the Scientific name of nematode that attacks the root of tobacco plant?

Name the genetically engineered human Insulin?

Does our blood have proteases and nucleases?

Find out from internet what is golden rice.

Can you suggest a method to remove oil (hydrocarbon) from seeds based on your understanding of rDNA technology and chemistry of oil?

Diagrammatically represent the experimental steps in cloning and expressing an human gene (say the gene for growth hormone) into a bacterium like E. coli ?

What is gene therapy? Illustrate using the example of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency.

What are Cry proteins? Name an organism that produces it. How has man exploited this protein to his benefit?

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of production of genetically modified crops.

What are transgenic bacteria? Illustrate using any one example.

Crystals of Bt toxin produced by some bacteria do not kill the bacteria themselves because -

(a) bacteria are resistant to the toxin

(b) toxin is immature:

(c) toxin is inactive:

(d) bacteria encloses toxin in a special sac.