Chapter 18 : Body Fluids and Circulation

Answer the following
a. Name the major site where RBCs are formed.
b. Which part of heart is responsible for initating and maintaining its
rhythmic activity?
c. What is specific in the heart of crocodiles among reptilians?

Thrombocytes are essential for coagulation of blood. Comment.

Write the features that distinguish between the two
a. Plasma and Serum
b. Open and closed circulatory system
c. Sino-atrial node and Atrio-ventricular node

Explain the functional significance of lymphatic system?

What is the significance of hepatic portal system in the circulatory
system?

Explain the advantage of the complete partition of ventricle among birds
and mammals and hence leading to double circulation.

Briefly describe the followings:
a. Anaemia
b. Angina Pectoris
c. Atherosclerosis
d. Hypertension
e. Heart failure
f. Erythroblastosis foetalis

Differentiate between
a. Blood and Lymph
b. Basophils and Eosinophils
c. Tricuspid and bicuspid valve

The walls of ventricles are much thicker than atria. Explain.

How will you interpret an electrocardiogram (ECG) in which time taken
in QRS complex is higher.

What is the significance of time gap in the passage of action potential
from sino-atrial node to the ventricle?

Explain the consequences of a situation in which blood does not
coagulate.

What physiological circumstances lead to erythroblastosis foetalis?

State the functions of the following in blood
a. Fibrinogen
b. Globulin
c. Neutrophils
d. Lymphocytes

Define the following terms and give their location?
a. Purkinje fibre
b. Bundle of His

Which coronary artery diseases is caused due to narrowing of the lumen
of arteries?

Name the vascular connection that exists between the digestive tract
and liver.

Complete the missing word in the statement given below:
a. Plasma without _________ factors is called serum.
b. ___________ and monocytes are phagocytic cells.
c. Eosinophils are associated with _____ reactions.
d. _______ ions play a significant role in clotting.
e. One can determine the heart beat rate by counting the number of
_________ in an ECG.

Name the blood component which is viscous and straw coloured fluid.

Explain double circulation with the help of diagram.

Explain the chemical events that take place to form a blood clot to seal the
wound?

Differentiate between arteries and veins.

What is average number of thrombocytes in blood? What is their function?

How are the two heart sounds produced during cardiac cycle? Which one of
these is of longer duration?

Why is swelling of feet of leg caused when a person stands immobile for a long
time?

Why lymphatic circulation takes place very slowly?

Name the double layered membranous covering of the heart.

A cardiologist observed an enlarged QR wave in the ECG of a patient. What
does it indicate?

What is lymphatic system? Discuss its importance.

Why does lymph contain much less proteins than the blood plasma? Name the
two principal lymph vessels in humans.

Write a note on “Regulation of cardiac activity”?

What it is the name of the straw coloured fluid left after clotting of blood? How
is it different from blood?

Why is closed circulatory system considered advantageous?

Name the different types of granulocytes. Give the function of the one which
constitutes maximum percentage of total leucocytes.

Name the type of granulocytes that play an important role in detoxification?

Name any two substances which prevent blood coagulation in uninjured blood
vessels.

In which mammal, the RBC are nucleated?

Describe the structure of human heart.

Differentiate between right ventricle and left ventricle.

What is cardiac cycle?

How is heart failure different from heart attack?

Why does the fish heart pump only deoxygenated blood?

Distinguish between mitral and tricuspid value?

What is ECG technique?

Where are RBCs formed from in an adult human?

Which of the four chambers of the human heart has the thickest muscular
wall?

Draw a standard ECG and explain the different segments in it.

Explain heart sounds.

Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.

What is the significance of atrio-ventricular node and atrio-ventricular bundle in the functioning of heart?

Sino-atrial node is called the pacemaker of our heart. Why?

Why do we call our heart myogenic?

Describe the evolutionary change in the pattern of heart among the vertebrates.

. Write the differences between :

(a) Blood and Lymph

(b) Open and Closed system of circulation

(c) Systole and Diastole

(d) P-wave and T-wave

What is meant by double circulation? What is its significance?

What is the difference between lymph and blood?

Why do we consider blood as a connective tissue?

Match Column I with Column II :
Column I                                                      Column II
(a) Eosinophils                                                (i) Coagulation
(b) RBC                                                        (ii) Universal Recipient
(c) AB Group                                                 (iii) Resist Infections
(d) Platelets                                                  (iv) Contraction of Heart
(e) Systole                                                    (v) Gas transport

What is the importance of plasma proteins?

Name the components of the formed elements in the blood and mention one major function of each of them.