Chapter 17 : Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Explain the role of neural system in regulation of respiration.

Explain the mechanism of breathing with neat labelled sketches.

Differentiate between
a. Inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume
b. Vital capacity and total lung capacity
c. Emphysema and occupational respiratory disorder

Name the important parts involved in creating a pressure gradient
between lungs and the atmosphere during normal respiration.

Name the organs of respiration in the following organisms:
a. Flatworm - _________________________________________
b. Birds - _____________________________________________
c. Frog- ______________________________________________
d. Cockroach - ________________________________________

Arrange the following terms based on their volumes in an ascending
order
a. Tidal Volume (TV)
b. Residual Volume (RV)
c. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
d. Expiratory Capacity (EC)

Cigarette smoking causes emphysema. Give reason.

Name the primary site of exchange of gases in our body?

A fluid filled double membranous layer surrounds the lungs. Name it
and mention its important function.

Define the following terms?
a. Tidal volume
b. Residual volume
c. Asthma

Describe transport mechanism of CO₂.

How is respiration regulated?

What is hypoxia, artificial hypoxia & Anaemic hypoxia?

Describe how our brain gets a continuous supply of oxygen form the
atmosphere.

Explain Erythrocytes can carry out anaerobic metabolism only.

Give role of intercoastals muscles in respiration.

What is the difference between alveolar air and inspired air?

Name the other pigments which are present in animals besides haemoglobin.

Define partial pressure of a gas.

Distinguish between (a) IRV and ERV (b) Inspiratory capacity and Expiratory capacity. (c) Vital capacity and Total lung capacity.

Have you heard about hypoxia? Try to gather information about it, and discuss with your friends.

Define oxygen dissociation curve. Can you suggest any reason for its sigmoidal pattern?

What is the site of gaseous exchange in an insect?

What happens to the respiratory process in a man going up a hill?

What is the effect of pCO2 on oxygen transport?

How is respiration regulated?

Explain the process of inspiration under normal conditions.

What will be the pO2 and pCO2 in the atmospheric air compared to those in the alveolar air ? (i) pO2 lesser, pCO2 higher (ii) pO2 higher, pCO2 lesser (iii) pO2 higher, pCO2 higher (iv) pO2 lesser, pCO2 lesser

What are the major transport mechanisms for CO2? Explain

Diffusion of gases occurs in the alveolar region only and not in the other parts of respiratory system. Why?

State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing.

Define vital capacity. What is its significance?