Chapter 16 : Digestion and Absorption

Explain the process of digestion in the buccal cavity with a note on the
arrangement of teeth.

Discuss the role of hepato – pancreatic complex in digestion of
carbohydrate, protein and fat components of food.

Discuss mechanisms of absorption.

What are the various enzymatic types of glandular secretions in our gut
helping digestion of food? What is the nature of end products obtained
after complete digestion of food?

A person had roti and dal for his lunch. Trace the changes in those
during its passage through the alimentary canal.

Describe the enzymatic action on fats in the duodenum.

Distinguish between constipation and indigestion. Mention their major
causes.

How are the activities of gastro-intestinal tract regulated?

How is the intestinal mucosa protected from the acidic food entering
from stomach?

What are three major types of cells found in the gastric glands? Name
their secretions.

Correct the statement given below by the right option shown in the
bracket against them
a. Absorption of amino acids and glycerol takes place in the. (small
intestine/ large intestine)
b. The faeces in the rectum initiate a reflex causing an urge for its
removal. (neural /hormonal)
c. Skin and eyes turn yellow in infection. (liver /stomach)
d. Rennin is a proteolytic enzyme found in gastric juice in (infants /
adults).
e. Pancreatic juice and bile are released through. (intestinepancreatic/
hepato- pancreatic duct)
f. Dipeptides, disaccharides and glycerides are broken down into
simple substances in region of small intestine. (jejunum/
duodenum)

What is the role of gall bladder? What may happen if it stops functioning
or is removed?

List the organs of human alimentary canal and name the major digestive
glands with their location.

Name the part of the alimentary canal where major absorption of digested
food takes place. What are the absorbed forms of different kinds of food
materials?

What is pancreas? Mention the major secretions of pancreas that are
helpful in digestion.

Correct the following statements by deleting one of entries (given in bold).

Does gall bladder make bile?

Stomach is located in upper left portion of the abdominal cavity and has
three major parts. Name these three parts.

What do we call the type of teeth attachment to jaw bones in which each
tooth is embedded in a socket of jaws bones?

Define digestion in one sentence.

Name the enzymes involved in the breakdown of nucleotides into sugars
and bases?

In which part of alimentary canal does absorption of water, simple sugars
and alcohol takes place?

Trypsinogen is an inactive enzyme of pancreatic juice. An enzyme,
enterokinase, activates it. Which tissue/ cells secrete this enzyme?/ How
is it activated?

The food mixes thoroughly with the acidic gastric juice of the stomach
by the churning movements of its muscular wall. What do we call the
food then?

Explain the absorption of digested products.

Name three enzymes secreted by pancreas specify the substance and the
product of each.

Describe coagulation of milk in alimentary canal.

Differentiate chylomicron & micelles on the basis of their structural
components.

What is the role of micelles in the fat absorption?

If a major part of the small intestine of a mammal be removed, will this affect
absorption of food?

What are crypts of lieberkuhn?

What are micelles?

What is egestion?

Name the enzymes for protein digestion in the gastric, pancreatic and
intestinal, the substrate they digest and products of their action.

It is absolutely not necessary to produce amylase in an active form in our
body. But it is not in the case of trypsin. Given reasons.

What is the action of salivary amylase? Differentiate between lipases and
peptidases?

What are enzymes?

How is food absorbed?

How does fat absorption takes place?

What is atheroma?

Name the watery fluid secreted from Bruner’s gland in duodenum.

What is the main function of bile salt?

Draw a labeled diagram of human alimentary canal & Describe its different
parts.

How would it affect the digestion of proteins if there is blockade in the
pancreatic duct?

How is DNA content in our food digested in the body?

What are the specific functions of food?

Give two functions of trypsin?

What is the role of micelles in the fat absorption?

Which is the largest gland in our body?

Name the three parts of small intestine of man.

Name the secretions of Goblet cell & parietal cells.

What are the functions of liver?

Name different types of teeth and their number in an adult human.

Explain the term thecodont and diphyodont.

Discuss the main steps in the digestion of proteins as the food passes through different parts of the alimentary canal.

How does butter in your food get digested and absorbed in the body?

. What would happen if HCl were not secreted in the stomach?

How are polysaccharides and disaccharides digested?

Describe the digestive role of chymotrypsin. Which two other digestive enzymes of the same category are secreted by its source gland?

Bile juice contains no digestive enzymes, yet it is important for digestion. Why?

Give the dental formula of human beings.

Describe the process of digestion of protein in stomach.

State the role of pancreatic juice in digestion of proteins.

Answer briefly: (a) Why are villi present in the intestine and not in the stomach?

(b) How does pepsinogen change into its active form?

(c) What are the basic layers of the wall of alimentary canal?

(d) How does bile help in the digestion of fats?

Match column I with  column II
Column I                                              Column II
(a) Bilirubin and biliverdin                           (i) Parotid
(b) Hydrolysis of starch                               (ii) Bile
(c) Digestion of fat                                    (iii) Lipases
(d) Salivary gland                                    (iv) Amylases

Choose the correct answer among the following:

 (a) Gastric juice contains

    (i) pepsin, lipase and rennin

    (ii) trypsin lipase and rennin

    (iii) trypsin, pepsin and lipase

    (iv) trypsin, pepsin and renin

(b) Succus entericus is the name given to

(i) a junction between ileum and large intestine

(ii) intestinal juice

(iii) swelling in the gut

(iv) appendix