Chapter 9 : Biomolecules

Describe various forms of lipid with a few examples.

What is the difference between a nucleotide and nucleoside? Give two
examples of each with their structure.

Nucleic acids exhibit secondary structure. Describe through Wetson-
Crick Model.

What are different classes of enzymes? Explain any two with the type of
reaction they catalyse.

Formation of enzyme-substrate complex (ES) is the first step in catalysed
reactions. Describe the other steps till the formation of product.

Comment on the statement “living state is a non-equilibrium steadystate
to be able to perform work”.

Nucleic acids exhibit secondary structure, justify with example.

Schematically represent primary, secondary and tertiary structures of a
hypothetical polymer say for example a protein.

Is rubber a primary metabolite or a secondary metabolite? Write four
sentences about rubber.

Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen, Chitin are polysaccharides found among
the following. Choose the one appropriate and write against each.
Cotton fibre __________________________
Exoskeleton of cockroach __________________________
Liver __________________________
Peeled potato __________________________

Glycine and Alanine are different with respect to one substituent on the
α -carbon. What are the other common substituent groups?

How are prosthetic groups different from co-factors?

Write the name of any one aminoacid, sugar, nucleotide and fatty acid.

Select an appropriate chemical bond among ester bond, glycosidic bond,
peptide bond and hydrogen bond and write against each of the following.
a. Polysaccharide ___________________________
b. Protein ___________________________
c. Fat ___________________________
d. Water ___________________________

Medicines are either man made (i.e., synthetic) or obtained from living
organisms like plants, bacteria, animals etc. and hence the latter are
called natural products. Sometimes natural products are chemically
altered by man to reduce toxicity or side effects. Write against each of
the following whether they were initially obtained as a natural product
or as a synthetic chemical.
a. Penicillin ___________________________
b. Sulfonamide ___________________________
c. Vitamin C ___________________________
d. Growth Hormone ___________________________

What are nucleic acids? Describe the structure of DNA.

How does enzymes brings about high rate of chemical conversions?

What is enzymatic competitive inhibition? Give one example?

How does temperature affects enzyme catalysed reaction?

Why are monosaccharide’s sugars are are known as reducing sugars?

Enumerate differences between DNA & RNA?

Enlist three properties of enzymes?

What are micro- nutrients?

Which lipid can cause heart ailment?

Lipids are not biomacromolecules why?

Name the abundant proteins in biosphere?

Differentiate between cofactors, coenzymes & prosthetic group.

Describe the structure & function of ATP?

List the different types of lipids

What do you meant by activation energy?

Give the functions of carbohydrates?

Why are enzymes called as biocatalyst?

What is metabolism? Mention the role of enzymes is metabolism ?

Which molecule has the capacity to duplicate?

Why proteins are called biological polymer?

Name the following:- i) sugar present is DNA ii) Base not found in DNA

Identify the polymer which makes exoskeleton of insects.

Explain briefly four levels of protein structure?

Describe the lock & key hypothesis of enzyme action?

Enumerate the functions of lipids?

What do you mean by steady state?

How are glycosidic bonds formed?

Differentiate between nucleotide & nucleoside?

What are macromolecules? Give example.

Name the monomer subunits which form Nucleic acids?

Which is the important energy carrier in the cell?

Describe the important properties of enzymes.

Find out how much cellulose is made by all the plants in the biosphere and compare it with how much of paper is manufactured by man and hence what is the consumption of plant material by man annually. What a loss of vegetation!

Find out a qualitative test for proteins, fats and oils, amino acids and test any fruit juice, saliva, sweat and urine for them.

What are gums made of? Is Fevicol different?

Draw the structure of the amino acid, alanine.

Attempt titrating an amino acid against a weak base and discover the number of dissociating ( ionizable ) functional groups in the amino acid.

Can you attempt building models of biomolecules using commercially available atomic models (Ball and Stick models).

Can you describe what happens when milk is converted into curd or yoghurt, from your understanding of proteins.

Explain the composition of triglyceride.

Find out and make a list of proteins used as therapeutic agents. Find other applications of proteins (e.g., Cosmetics etc.)

Find and write down structures of 10 interesting small molecular weight biomolecules. Find if there is any industry which manufactures the compounds by isolation. Find out who are the buyers.

What is meant by tertiary structure of proteins?

Illustrate a glycosidic, peptide and a phospho-diester bond.

What are macromolecules? Give examples