Chapter 7 : Structural Organisation in Animals

Draw a neat and well labelled diagram of male reproductive system of
a frog.

Explain the digestive system of Cockroach with the help of a labelled
sketch.

Comment upon the gametic exchange in earthworm during mating.

Write down the common features of the connective tissue. On the basis
of structure and function, differentiate between bones and cartilages.

Classify and describe epithelial tissue on the basis of structural
modifications of cells.

What is special about tissue present in the heart?

Using appropriate examples, differentiate between false and true body
segmentation.

Write the appropriate type of tissues in column B according to the
functions mentioned in column A.
Column A                                                    Column B
a. Secretion and absorption                         i. ____________________
b. Protective covering                                 ii. ____________________
c. Linking and supporting                             iii. ____________________
framework

Write the functions in brief in column B, appropriate to the structures
given in column A.
Column A                                              Column B
a. Nictitating membrane                         i. __________________________
b. Tympanum                                       ii. __________________________
c. Copulatory pad                                 iii. __________________________

Frog is a poikilotherm, exhibits camouflage and undergoes aestivation
and hibernation, how are all these beneficial to it?

Mention special features of eye in Cockroach.

Complete the following statement :
a. In Cockroach grinding of food particle is performed by ____________
b. Malpighian tubules help in removal of ___________________________
c. Hind gut of Cockroach is differentiated into ______________________
d. In Cockroach blood vessels open into spaces called ______________

Common name of some animals are given in Column A, write their
scientific name in Column B.
Column A                               Column B
a. Tiger                                   ________________
b. Peacock                              ________________
c. Housefly                              ________________

Why nephridia in earthworm that are basically similar in structure
classified into three types? Mention the names of each.

Correct the wrong statements among the following:
a. In earthworm, a single male genital pore is present.
b. Setae help in locomotion of earthworm.
c. Muscular layer in the body wall of earthworm is made up of only
circular muscles.
d. Typhlosole is the part of intestine of earthworm.

How do you distinguish between dorsal and ventral surface of the body
of earthworm.

Why earthworm is called the friend of farmer?

Why are neurons called excitable cells? Mention special features of the
membrane of the neuron?

Why are blood, bone and cartilage called connective tissue?

How does a gap junction facilitate intercellular communication?

Stratified epithelial cells have limited role in secretion. Justify their role
in our skin.

Structural organisation in animals attains different levels as cell - organ
- organ system. What is missing in this chain? Mention the significance
of such an organisation

The body of sponges does not possess tissue level of organisation though
it is made of thousands of cells. Comment.

Frogs are beneficial for mankind, justify the statement.

Give the location of hepatic caeca in a Cockroach. What is their function?

Special Venous connection between liver and intestine and between
kidney and intestine is found in frog, what are they called?

What is the difference between cutaneous and pulmonary respiration?

The digestive system of frog is made of the following parts. Arrange them
in an order beginning from mouth.

Which mouth part of cockroach is comparable to our tongue?

Give two identifying features of an adult male frog.

Name the different cell junctions found in tissues.

A muscle fibre tapers at both ends and does not show striations. Name
the muscle fibre.

What is the scientific term given to earthworm’s body segments?

Name the process by which a tadpole donelops into an adult frog.

Identify the sex of a frog in which sound producing vocal sacs are present.

How many times do nymphs moult to reach the adult form of cockroach?

Where are sclerites present in Cockroach?

State the number of segments in earthworm which are covered by a
prominent dark band or clitellum.

Give an account of alimentary canal of frog.

Name the various fibres of connective tissue & compare them

Distinguish between tendon & ligament

Draw a well labelled diagram of a nerve cell.

Write short note on gaseous exchange in cockroach.

What is mucosa?

How does saltatory conduction takes place along a nerve fibre

What are neuroglia cells?

From which germ layers do the following organs originate
a) kidney b) urinary bladder.

Which type of epithelium is found in urinary bladder

Name the proteins which constitute muscle fibres.

How does blood gets coagulated on coming out from an injured vessel. How
coagulation is normally prevented uninjured vessels.

Describe briefly the structure of voluntary muscles

Write short note on adipose tissues.

Give reason why earthworms are known as friends of farmers.

How can a male frog be distinguished from a female frog ?

What are the functions of mast cells?

Distinguish between smooth & striated muscles.

How many spermathecae are present in earthworms.

Define glands.

Why muscle cells are usually called muscle fibres?

Name the type of epithelium lines the buccal cavity?

Describe the different types of connective tissues & give examples?

How do erytherocytes transport oxygen & carbon dioxide in the blood?

What is the function of nephridia ?

Name the major class of plasma protein & mention their functions.

What are chondriocytes? Where are they found?

Distinguish between myosin & actin filament?

Discuss the structure of haversian system in the histology of bone?

What causes fatigue of the muscle fibres?

Name the type of epithelium that lines the inner surface of stomach?

Which tissue has fat globules?

What are the cellular components of blood?

i) Give three differences between frogs & toads?
ii) What do you understand by open type of circulatory system?

What are nissl’s granules? Where are they found?

Differentiate between blood & lymph?

What do you mean by haemopoiesis?

How many types of nephridia are found in earthworm based on their
location?

Give the characteristic of epithelial tissues?

What is the main function of WBCs?

Name the chemical which helps in transmitting nerve impulse at the
synapse?

Name the kind of tissue which forms the lining of blood vessels?

. Mention the function of the following (a) Ureters in frog (b) Malpighian tubules (c) Body wall in earthworm

Mention breifly about the circulatory system of earthworm

Match the terms in column I with those in column II:
Column I Column II
(a) Compound epithelium                            (i) Alimentry canal
(b) Compound eye                                    (ii) Cockroach
(c) Septal nephridia                                  (iii) Skin
(d) Open circulatory system                        (iv) Mosaic vision
(e) Typhlosole                                         (v) Earthworm
(f) Osteocytes                                          (vi) Phallomere
(g) Genitalia                                           (vii) Bone

Mark the odd one in each series: (a) Areolar tissue; blood; neuron; tendon (b) RBC; WBC; platelets; cartilage (c) Exocrine; endocrime; salivary gland; ligament (d) Maxilla; mandible; labrum; antenae (e) Protonema; mesothorax; metathorax; coxa

Distinguish between (a) Simple epithelium and compound epithelium (b) Cardiac muscle and striated muscle (c) Dense regular and dense irregular connective tissues (d) Adipose and blood tissue (e) Simple gland and compound gland

8. Describe various types of epithelial tissues with the help of labelled diagrams.

What are the following and where do you find them in animal body. (a) Chondriocytes (b) Axons (c) Ciliated epithelium

What are the cellular components of blood?

 Distingusish between the followings (a) Prostomium and peristomium (b) Septal nephridium and pharyngeal nephridium

 Draw a labelled diagram of alimentary canal of a cockroach.

Draw a labelled diagram of the reproductive organs of an earthworm

. Answer the following: (i) What is the function of nephridia? (ii) How many types of nephridia are found in earthworm based on their location?

Answer in one word or one line. (i) Give the common name of Periplanata americana. (ii) How many spermathecae are found in earthworm? (iii) What is the position of ovaries in cockroach? (iv) How many segments are present in the abdomen of cockroach? (v) Where do you find Malpighian tubules?