Chapter 3 : Plant Kingdom

Draw labelled diagrams of
a. Female and male thallus of a liverwort.
b. Gametophyte and sporophyte of Funaria.
c. Alternation of generation in Angiosperm.

Explain why sexual reproduction in angiosperms is said to take place
through double fertilization and triple fusion. Also draw a labelled
diagram of embryo sac to explain the phenomena.

Lichen is usually cited as an example of ‘symbiosis’ in plants where an
algal and a fungal species live together for their mutual benefit. Which of
the following will happen if algal and fungal partners are separated from
each other?
a. Both will survive and grow normally and independent from each
other.
b. Both will die
c. Algal component will survive while the fungal component will die.
d. Fungal component will survive while algal partner will die.

With the help of a schematic diagram describe the haplo-diptontic life
cycle pattern of a plant group.

Gametophyte is a dominant phase in the life cycle of a bryophyte. Explain

In which plant will you look for mycorrhiza and corolloid roots? Also
explain what these terms mean.

How are the male and female gametophytes of pteridophytes and
gymnosperms different from each other?

Comment on the lifecycle and nature of a fern prothallus.

The heterosporous pteridophytes show certain characteristics, which
are precursor to the seed habit in gymnosperms. Explain.

Each plant or group of plants has some phylogenetic significance in
relation to evolution : Cycas, one of the few living members of
gymnosperms is called as the ‘relic of past’. Can you establish a
phylogenetic relationship of Cycas with any other group of plants that
justifies the above statement?

How far does Selaginella one of the few living members of lycopodiales
(pteridophytes) fall short of seed habit.

Heterospory i.e., formation of two types of spores – microspores and
megaspores is a characteristic feature in the life cycle of a few members
of pteridophytes and all spermatophytes. Do you think heterospory has
some evolutionary significance in plant kingdom?

The male and female reproductive organs of several pteridophytes and
gymnosperms are comparable to floral structures of angiosperms. Make
an attempt to compare the various reproductive parts of pteridophytes
and gymnosperms with reproductive structures of angiosperms.

Why are bryophytes called the amphibians of the plant kingdom?

In Bryophytes male and female sex organs are called ____________ and
__________.

Most algal genera show haplontic life style. Name an alga which is
a. Haplo-diplontic
b. Diplontic

The plant body in higher plants is well differentiated and well developed.
Roots are the organs used for the purpose of absorption. What is the
equivalent of roots in the less developed lower plants?

Give an example of plants with
a. Haplontic life cycle
b. Diplontic life cycle
c. Haplo- diplontic life cycle

Food is stored as Floridean starch in Rhodophyceae. Mannitol is the
reserve food material of which group of algae?

Differentiate between Red, Brown & Green algae.

What are ferns? Describe its salient features.

List common modes of reproduction in Algae?

How would you distinguish between monocots & dicots?

What are gymnosperms? What are its four classes?

What is heterospory? What is its significance?

Tabulate differences between Gymnosperm & pteridophytes

What are the two main classes of bryophytes?

Where are the antheridia & archaegonia located in ferns?

Name the vascular plants which produces only spores but no flowers or
seeds?

Classify plant kingdom?

Describe the important characterslics of gymnosperms?

Why are Bryophytes regarded as “the amphibians of plant kingdom”?

Mention some of the uses of ferns?

What is the difference between syngamy & triple fusion?

What is the role of capsule in life history of moss?

List any two differences’ between gymnosperms & angiosperms?

Name any red algae which is used as vegetables?

What are cone bearing plants called?

Describe the common mode of reproduction in Angiosperms.

Describe the similarities in sexual reproduction of moss & fern.

What are the identifying features of Angiosperms flowering plants.

List any three characterstic features of Bryophytes.

Both gymnosperms & angiosperm bear seeds but then why are they
classified separately?

How do fungi differs from algae ?

What is a cone ?

Which groups of plants is called vascular cryptogam ?

Name the algae which is used for fodder to poultry birds.

Explain briefly the alternation of generation in bryophytes?

“Algae & Bryophytes are different from each other.” Point out the main
differences between them?

Describe the main features of pteridophytes?

How will you differentiate between red algae & green algae.

List four classes of plants belonging to fern group.

What are rhizoids?

Why some bryophytes are called liverworts.

Name a unicellular algae.

Explain the life cycle in green algae?

Point out differences in sexual reproduction of moss & fern?

Explain in brief the structure of prothallus of fern?

Give some important features of dicots?

Differentiate between Red algae & brown algae?

What features led to dominance of vascular plants?

Which pigment is responsible for red colour of red algae?

Name seedless vascular plants.

Describe the important characteristics of gymnosperms.

How would you distinguish monocots from dicots?

Differentiate between the following:- (i) red algae and brown algae (ii) liverworts and moss (iii) homosporous and heterosporous pteridophyte (iv) syngamy and triple fusion

Explain briefly the following terms with suitable examples:- (i) protonema (ii) antheridium (iii) archegonium (iv) diplontic (v) sporophyll (vi) isogamy

What is heterospory? Briefly comment on its significance. Give two examples.

Both gymnosperms and angiosperms bear seeds, then why are they classified separately?

Write a note on economic importance of algae and gymnosperms.

Mention the ploidy of the following: protonemal cell of a moss; primary endosperm nucleus in dicot, leaf cell of a moss; prothallus cell of a ferm; gemma cell in Marchantia; meristem cell of monocot, ovum of a liverwort, and zygote of a fern.

Name three groups of plants that bear archegonia. Briefly describe the life cycle of any one of them.

When and where does reduction division take place in the life cycle of a liverwort, a moss, a fern, a gymnosperm and an angiosperm?

What is the basis of classification of algae?